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| Antipope John Xxiii edit the Wikipedia entry |
ODP's article on antipope john xxiii h
| Antipope John XXIII | |
|---|---|
| Papacy began | 1410 |
| Papacy ended | 1415 |
| Predecessor | Alexander V (Pisa claimant) |
| Successor | Martin V |
| Opposed to | Gregory XII (Rome claimant) Benedict XIII (Avignon claimant) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1370 Procida (or Ischia), Kingdom of Naples |
| Died | 22 December 1419 (aged 48–49) Florence, Republic of Florence |
Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism (1410–1415).
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Biography
Baldassarre Cardinal Cossa was born in Procida (according to other sources, Ischia).
He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader. They elected Antipope Alexander V in 1409. Cossa succeeded him a year later.
Edward Gibbon asserts in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire that John XXIII was charged with piracy, murder, rape, sodomy and incest, with the more serious charges being suppressed.[1] The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia, however, remarks that although John's "moral life was not above reproach, and his unscrupulous methods in no wise accorded with the requirements of his high office . . . the heinous crimes of which his opponents in the council accused him were certainly gravely exaggerated."[2]
With the aid of the Emperor Sigismund, Pope John convened the Council of Constance in 1412. During the third session, rival Pope Gregory XII authorized the council as well, and soon both popes abdicated in favor of Pope Martin V, while the last remaining claimant in Avignon, Benedict XIII, was excommunicated when he refused to resign as well. Cossa, as he was again, was briefly imprisoned in Germany before being freed by Martin V in 1418.
He died in Florence, as cardinal bishop of Tusculum, in 1419. He is buried in a tomb in the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence.
Numbering issues
He should not be confused with Pope John XXIII of the twentieth century. When Angelo Cardinal Roncalli was elected and became Pope John, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest. There was no John XX; for example, Gibbon refers to the antipope John as John XXII.
See also
| Papal styles of Antipope John XXIII |
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|---|---|
| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | Unknown |
Notes and references
- ^ Gibbon, Edward (1866), The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, VII, London: Henry George Bohn, pp. 428, http://books.google.com/?id=BGIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA428, retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Kirsch, J.P. (1910), "John XXIII", The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York: Robert Appleton Company) VIII, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08434a.htm, retrieved 2008-01-03.
External links
| Popes of the Western Schism |
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