List Of Korean Monarchs edit the Wikipedia entry

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Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.

This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Gojoseon

Gojoseon (c.2333 BC - 108 BC) was one of the first Korean kingdoms. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333 BC, although most historians regard it as having formed in the mid-1st millenium BC.^[1] Bronze age archeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. By the 4th century BC, various historical and archeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

The Annals of the Danguns are recorded in Gyuwon Sahwa (1675), which is described by its author as a collection of nationalistic legends. The Hwandan Gogi, a controversial text whose authenticity is also widely questioned, lists different years of reign.

Dangun line

from Gyuwon Sahwa, considered legendary:

1. Dangun Wanggeom 왕검 (BC 2333-BC 2240)
2. Buru 부루 (BC 2240-BC 2206)
3. Gareuk 가륵 (BC 2206-BC 2155)
4. Osa 오사 (BC 2155-BC 2106)
5. Gueul 구을 (BC 2106-BC 2071)
6. Dalmun 달문 (BC 2071-BC 2039)
7. Hanyul 한율 (BC 2039-BC 2014)
8. Seohan 서한 (BC 2014-BC 1957)
9. Asul 아술 (BC 1957-BC 1929)
10. Noeul 노을 (BC 1929-BC 1906)
11. Dohae 도해 (BC 1906-BC 1870)
12. Ahan 아한 (BC 1870-BC 1843)
13. Heuldal 흘달 (BC 1843-BC 1800)
14. Gobul 고불 (BC 1800-BC 1771)
15. Beoreum 벌음 (BC 1771-BC 1738)
16. Wina 위나 (BC 1738-BC 1720)
17. Yeoeul 여을 (BC 1720-BC 1657)
18. Dongeom 동엄 (BC 1657-BC 1637)
19. Gumoso 구모소 (BC 1637-BC 1612)
20. Gohol 고홀 (BC 1612-BC 1601)
21. Sotae 소태 (BC 1601-BC 1568)
22. Saekbullu 색불루 (BC 1568-BC 1551)
23. Amul 아물 (BC 1551-BC 1532)
24. Yeonna 연나 (BC 1532-BC 1519)
25. Solla 솔나 (BC 1519-BC 1503)
26. Churo 추로 (BC 1503-BC 1494)
27. Dumil 두밀 (BC 1494-BC 1449)
28. Haemo 해모 (BC 1449-BC 1427)
29. Mahyu 마휴 (BC 1427-BC 1418)
30. Nahyu 내휴 (BC 1418-BC 1365)
31. Deungol 등올 (BC 1365-BC 1359)
32. Chumil 추밀 (BC 1359-BC 1351)
33. Gammul 감물 (BC 1351-BC 1342)
34. Orumun 오루문 (BC 1342-BC 1322)
35. Sabeol 사벌 (BC 1322-BC 1311)
36. Maereuk 매륵 (BC 1311-BC 1293)
37. Mamul 마물 (BC 1293-BC 1285)
38. Damul 다물 (BC 1285-BC 1266)
39. Duhol 두홀 (BC 1266-BC 1238)
40. Dareum 달음 (BC 1238-BC 1224)
41. Eumcha 음차 (BC 1224-BC 1205)
42. Euruji 을우지 BC 1205-BC 1196)
43. Mulli 물리 (BC 1196-BC 1181)
44. Guhol 구홀 (BC 1181-BC 1174)
45. Yeoru 여루 (BC 1174-BC 1169)
46. Boeul 보을 (BC 1169-BC 1158)
47. Goyeolga 고열가 (BC 1158-BC 1128)

Wiman line

earliest attested by contemporaneous records:

1. Wiman of Gojoseon 위만 衛滿 (194 BC? - ?)
2. Unknown, (? - ?), son of Wiman
3. Ugeo of Gojoseon 우거왕 右渠王 (? - 108 BC), grandson of Wiman

Buyeo

Buyeo (c.239 BC - 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Manchuria. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.

1. Haemosu of Buyeo 해모수 (239 - 195 BCE)
2. Morisu of Buyeo 모리수 (195 - 170 BCE)
3. Gohaesa of Buyeo 고해사 (170 - 121 BCE)
4. Gouru of Buyeo 고우루 (121 - 86 BCE)

Bukbuyeo

(c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE)

1. Godumak of Bukbuyeo 고두막 (108 - 60 BCE)
2. Gomusu of Bukbuyeo 고무수 (60 - 58 BCE)

Dongbuyeo

(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King").

1. Hae Buru of Dongbuyeo 해부루왕 解夫婁王 (86 - 48 BCE)
2. Geumwa of Dongbuyeo 금와왕 金蛙王 (48 - 7 BCE)
3. Daeso of Dongbuyeo 대소왕 臺素王 (7 BCE - 22 CE)

Gaya confederacy

Gaya confederacy (42 - 532) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

Geumgwan Gaya

This list is of the Kim Dynasty of Geumgwan Gaya (42-532).

Daegaya

Only four of the sixteen kings of Daegaya (42 - 562) are known by name.

1. King Ijinashi of Daegaya 이진아시왕, also known as Naejinjuji 내진주지 or Noejiljuil 뇌질주일

9. King Inoe of Daegaya 이뇌왕, 8th generation descendant of Yi Jinashi

?. King Haji of Daegaya 하지왕, generation unknown; possibly also known as King Gasil [1]; sent emissary to 南齊 China in 479, joined Baekje to aid Silla from Goguryeo attack in 481 [2] [3]

16. King Doseolji of Daegaya 도설지왕, submitted to Silla

Baekje

Baekje (18 BC - AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. All rulers of Baekje bore the title Daewang (大王, "Great King"), although some declared themselves emperor. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

• Source: [4]

Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]

Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperior," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.

[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.

[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records, mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong (Zhūméng}, 閭達 Lǘdá, 始閭諧 Shǐlǘxié, 如栗 Rúlí, and 莫來 Mòlái. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when Emperor Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contacts with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connection between those names is not clear.

Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)

Silla

Silla (57 BC - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, Taewang, Daewang and Yeowang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

1. Bak Hyeokgeose 박 혁거세 (57 BCE–4 CE)
2. Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 (4–24)
3. Yuri Yisageum (24–57) 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
4. Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
23. King Beopheung the Great 법흥태왕 法興太王 (514–540) ("King Beopheung the Great" is a translation of Beopheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
24. King Jinheung the Great 진흥태왕 眞興太王 (540–576) ("King Jinheung the Great" is a translation of Jinheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
25. King Jinji 진지대왕 眞智大王 (576–579)
26. King Jinpyeong 진평대왕 眞平大王 (579–632)
27. Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德女王 (632–647) (Queens Seondeok and Jindeok bore the title Yeowang, meaning "queen")
28. Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德女王 (647–654)
29. King Muyeol the Great 무열대왕 武烈大王 (654–661) ("King Muyeol the Great" is a translation of Muyeol Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
30. King Munmu 문무대왕 文武大王 (661–681)
31. King Sinmun 신문대왕 神文大王 (681–691)
32. King Hyoso 효소대왕 孝昭大王 (692–702)
33. King Seongdeok the Great 성덕대왕 聖德大王 (702–737) ("King Seongdeok the Great" is a translation of Seongdeok Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
34. King Hyoseong 효성대왕 孝成大王 (737–742)
35. King Gyeongdeok 경덕대왕 景德大王 (742–765)
36. King Hyegong 혜공대왕 惠恭大王 (765–780)
37. King Seondeok 선덕대왕 宣德大王 (780–785)
38. King Wonseong 원성대왕 元聖大王 (785–798)
39. King Soseong 소성대왕 昭聖大王 (798–800)
40. King Aejang 애장대왕 哀莊大王 (800–809)
41. King Heondeok 헌덕대왕 憲德大王 (809-826)
42. King Heungdeok 흥덕대왕 興德大王 (826–836)
43. King Huigang 희강대왕 僖康大王 (836–838)
44. King Minae 민애대왕 閔哀大王 (838–839)
45. King Sinmu 신무대왕 神武大王 (839)
46. King Munseong 문성대왕 文聖大王 (839–857)
47. King Heonan 헌안대왕 憲安大王 (857–861)
48. King Gyeongmun 경문대왕 景文大王 (861–875)
49. King Heongang 헌강대왕 憲康大王 (875–886)
50. King Jeonggang 정강대왕 定康大王 (886–887)
51. Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖女王 (887–897) (Queen Jinseong bore the Korean title Yeowang, which means "queen")
52. King Hyogong 효공대왕 孝恭大王 (897–912)
53. King Sindeok 신덕대왕 神德大王 (913–917)
54. King Gyeongmyeong 경명대왕 景明大王 (917–924)
55. King Gyeongae 경애대왕 景哀大王 (924–927)
56. King Gyeongsun 경순대왕 敬順大王 (927–935)

Balhae

Balhae (669-926) followed Goguryeo in the northern territories when Silla unified most of the Korean peninsula. The founder called the state Jin, claiming to be the successor to Goguryeo, but it became known as Balhae (Bohai in Chinese) after establishing relations with China.

Goryeo

Goryeo (918-1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively.

The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available

1. Emperor Taejo 태조 (918–943)
2. Emperor Hyejong 혜종 (943–945)
3. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (945–949)
4. Emperor Gwangjong (Junpung) 광종 (949–975)
5. Emperor Gyeongjong 경종 (975–981)
6. Emperor Seongjong 성종 (981–997)
7. Emperor Mokjong 목종 (997–1009)
8. Emperor Hyeonjong 현종 (1009–1031)
9. Emperor Deokjong 덕종 (1031–1034)
10. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (1034–1046)
11. Emperor Munjong 문종 (1046–1083)
12. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1083)
13. Emperor Seonjong 선종 (1083–1094)
14. Emperor Heonjong 헌종 (1094–1095)
15. Emperor Sukjong 숙종 (1095–1105)
16. Emperor Yejong 예종 (1105–1122)
17. Emperor Injong 인종 (1122–1146)
18. Emperor Uijong 의종 (1146–1170)
19. Emperor Myeongjong 명종 (1170–1197)
20. Emperor Sinjong 신종 (1197–1204)
21. Emperor Huijong 희종 (1204–1211)
22. Emperor Gangjong 강종 (1211–1213)
23. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1213–1259)
24. Emperor Wonjong 원종 (1259–1274)
25. King Chungnyeol 충렬왕 (1274–1308) (Chungnyeol was the first king of Goryeo to bear the title Wang, which means "King")
26. King Chungseon 충선왕 (1308–1313)
27. King Chungsuk 충숙왕 (1313–1330; 1332–1339)
28. King Chunghye 충혜왕 (1330–1332; 1339–1344)
29. King Chungmok 충목왕 (1344–1348)
30. King Chungjeong 충정왕 (1348–1351)
31. King Gongmin 공민왕 (1351–1374)
32. King U 우왕 (1374–1388)
33. King Chang 창왕 (1388–1389)
34. King Gongyang 공양왕 (1389–1392)

Joseon

Joseon (1391–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

1. Emperor Taejo 태조 (1392–1398)
2. King Jeongjong 정종 (1398–1400)
3. King Taejong 태종 (1400–1418)
4. King Sejong the Great 세종 (1418–1450)
5. King Munjong 문종 (1450–1452)
6. King Danjong 단종 (1452–1455)
7. King Sejo 세조 (1455–1468)
8. King Yejong 예종 (1468–1469)
9. King Seongjong 성종 (1469–1494)
10. Yeonsangun 연산군 (1494–1506)
11. King Jungjong 중종 (1506–1544)
12. King Injong 인종 (1544–1545)
13. King Myeongjong 명종 (1545–1567)
14. King Seonjo 선조 (1567–1608)
15. Gwanghaegun 광해군 (1608–1623)
16. King Injo 인조 (1623–1649)
17. King Hyojong 효종 (1649–1659)
18. King Hyeonjong 현종 (1659–1674)
19. King Sukjong 숙종 (1674–1720)
20. King Gyeongjong 경종 (1720–1724)
21. King Yeongjo 영조 (1724–1776)
22. Emperor Jeongjo 정조 (1776–1800)
23. Emperor Sunjo 순조 (1800–1834)
24. Emperor Heonjong 헌종 (1834–1849)
25. Emperor Cheoljong 철종 (1849–1863)
26. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1863–1907; see #Korean Empire section]])
27. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1907–1910)

Korean Empire

The Korean Empire (1897-1919) was declared to indicate the end of the tributary relationship with China. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

See also

• Korea under Japanese rule, Governor-General of Korea
• Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919 - 1948)
• Korean Imperial Household
• North Korea (1948 - present), List of Presidents of North Korea
• South Korea (1948 - present), President of South Korea

Notes

1. ^ Cumings (1997, p. 25) only indicates that Gojoseon was among the small peninsular states which emerged "by the fourth century BC." Lee (1984, p. 13) also only mentions Gojoseon as having emerged in the Liao and Taedong valleys by the 4th century. Some, like Kim (1997) do regard "Dangun Joseon" as having possibly existed during the Neolithic period, i.e. before the 13th century BCE; however, by the same token they reject the possibility that Gojoseon can be regarded as a "state" or even "tribal confederation" in the modern sense.

References

• Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed.. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
• Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5.
• Kim, Jung Bae (1997). “Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states”, Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym, 27-36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
• Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
• http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
• http://www.rulers.org