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ODP's article on list of polish wars h
Below is a list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces participated or which took
place on Polish territory.
Piast Poland
During the Middle Ages, Poland fought mostly to defend itself from the German eastward expansion, but at the same time tried to conquer its eastern neighbour,
Ruthenia. Occasionally, it encountered Bohemian,
Tartar, Prussian and Lithuanian raids.
- 972, against Germany, see battle of Cedynia
- 1003–1005, against Germany
- 1007–1013, against Germany
- 1015–1018, against Germany
- 1018, against Kievan Rus
- 1072, against Bohemia
- 1109, against Germany
- 1146, against Germany
- 1156, against Germany
- 1241, with the Teutonic Order against
Tartars, see battle of Legnica
- 1326–1333, against the Teutonic Order, see battle of Płowce
Jagiellon Poland
Under the Jagiellons, Poland was frequently challenged by its powerful neighbor from the north – the Teutonic Order.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers –
Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the
territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine,
Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia,
Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of
internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the
partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
- 1561 – 1570 First
Livonian War, First Northern War or Northern Seven Years' War (Polish: I Wojna o Inflanty, Pierwsza Wojna Północna). Participants
and monarchs: Poland (Zygmunt II August), Denmark (Frederick II), Sweden (Eric XIV), Russia
(Ivan IV the Terrible). Result: inconclusive, see Treaty of Stettin
- 1577 - Danzig War or Gdańsk War
(Polish: Konflikt polsko – gdański). Participants: City of Gdańsk versus king Stefan Batory. Result: inconclusive: In return for ransom (kontrybucja wojenna) and
recognition of him as the sovereign, King Batory discarded the Karnkowski constitution of 1570.
[1]
- 1576 - 1582, Livonian War,
Second Livonian War (Polish: II wojna o Inflanty). Participants: Russia (Ivan IV the Terrible),
Poland (Stefan Batory). Results: Polish victory Peace treaty in Jam Zapolski
- 1577 - First Campaign of Batory
- 1579 - Second Campaign of Batory
- 1580 - Third Campaign of Batory
- 1588 - War of Polish succession (1587-1588) - civil war of the
election (Polish: Wojna o sukcesję polską) Participants: factions of Sigismund III Vasa and Maximilian III.
Battles: siege of Kraków, battle of Byczyna (24 Jan
1588). Result: victory and coronation of Zygmunt III Waza.
- 1591 – 1593 - Kosiński
Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Kosińskiego). Cossack uprising under Krzysztof Kosiński against Poland (Kresy magnates). Important battles: battle of Piątek, battle
of Czerkasy. Result: Polish victory
- 1594 – 1596 - Nalewajko Uprising
(Polish: Powstanie Nalewajki). Cossack uprising under Semen Nalewajko/Sejmon Nalewajka and Hryhor Łoboda against Poland (Stanisław Żółkiewski). Important battles: battle of Ostry Kamień,
battle of Łubnie, battle of Sołonica. Result: Polish victory
- 1595 - 1621, Magnate
wars in Moldavia, against Ottoman Empire/Turkey. Result: Polish defeat
- 1600 - 1629, Polish-Swedish
Wars, Third Livonian War (Polish: III wojna o Inflanty). Participants: Poland
(Zygmunt III Waza), Sweden (first Charles IX of Sweden, then Gustavus Adolphus). Result: inconclusive/Polish minor victory, see also Armistice of Altmark (Stary Targ).
- 1605 - 1618, Polish-Muscovite War (1605 - 1618) against Russia
- First Dimitriad: 1605-1606
- Second Dimitriad 1607-1609
- 1606-1608 - Rokosz of
Zebrzydowski, a civil war in Poland. Minor victory of king Zygmunt III Waza.
- 1618 - 1648, Thirty Years'
War – minor involvement on the Habsburg side, mostly noticeable in the series
of wars with Sweden (see above and below)
- 1620-1621 - Ottoman-Commonwealth War (1620-1621) - Polish defeat at
the Battle of Cecora ends the Magnate
wars in Moldavia
- 1625 - Żmajła Uprising. (Polish: Powstanie Żmajły). Cossack
uprising under Marek Żmajło and Michał Doroszenko (Myhailo Doroshenko) against Poland (Stanisław Koniecpolski).
Important battles: battle of Kryłów, battle of Cybulnik. Result:
Polish victory (see Treaty of Jezioro Kurukowe (ugoda kurukowska)).
- 1629 - Fedorowicz Uprising. (Polish: Powstanie
Fedorowicza). Cossack uprising under Taras Fedorowicz against Poland (Stanisław Koniecpolski). Important battles: battle of
Korsuń, Noc Taraswowa battle of Perejasław. Result: Polish
victory, although Cossacks gained some minor freedoms (see Treaty of
Perejasław).
- 1632 - 1634, Smolensk War,
against Russia
- 1633 - 1634, Ottoman-Commonwealth War
(1633-1634)
- 1637 - Pawluk Uprising. (Polish: Powstanie Pawluka).
Cossack uprising under Paweł Pawluk against Poland (Mikołaj Potocki). Important battles: battle of Kumejki. Result: Polish
victory, see Treaty of Borowica.
- 1638 - Ostrzanin Uprising. (Polish: Powstanie Ostranicy).
Cossack uprising under Jakub Ostrzanin, Dymitr Hunia, and
Karp Skidan against Poland (Mikołaj Potocki,
Jeremi Wisniowiecki. Important battles: battle of
Żołnin, capitulation at Starzec. Result: Polish victory, see Treaty of Słoboda
- 1648 - 1654, Chmielnicki
Uprising, the largest and most successful Cossack uprising against Polish
domination.
- 1654 - 1656, Polish-Russian War (1654-1656), against Russia.
- 1655 - 1661, Northern Wars
– against Sweden
- The wars against Sweden, Brandenburg, Russia and
Transylvania, known as The Deluge.
- 1658 - 1667, Polish-Russian War (1658-1667) against Russia. Ends with
Treaty of Andrusovo.
- 1666 - 1671, Polish-Cossack-Tatar War (1666-1671). Ends with the Ottoman-Commonwealth War (1672-1676)
- 1672 - 1676, Ottoman-Commonwealth War (1672-1676), against the Ottoman Empire
- 1683 - 1699, War of the Holy League (1683–1699) together with
Austria, Venice and Russia against the Ottoman Empire. Poles under John III Sobieski save Vienna from Turks.
During the 18th century, European powers (most
frequently consisting of Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Saxony) fought several wars for the control of the territories
of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the
18th century, some Poles attempted to defend
Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to
preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition
and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth.
19th century Partitions and World War I
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th
century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to
ignite national uprisings every now and then – all of them bloodily repressed.
Second Polish Republic and World War II
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of
local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side.
People's Republic of Poland
Third Polish Republic
Polish uprisings
The Polish concept of uprising is derived from the system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the szlachta was
supposed to play an important role in the governing of the country. Unsatisfied noblemen were allowed to form Rokosz, the legal rebellion against government. Rebellion movements were shaped in the Confederation, a council whose members voted.
Following the example, national uprising were perfectly organised movements against the oppressors. Many of them occurred
during the century of uprisings (1764-1864), and were, with small
exceptions, all defeated.
Uprisings against the Russian Empire
Uprisings against the Austrian Empire
Uprisings against the German Empire
(Polish: powstania wielkopolskie) were a series of 5 military insurrections of the Polish people in the
Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy
of Poznań) against the occupying Prussian and German forces, after the partitions of Poland (1772-1795).
The next era of uprising started with forming years of the Poland after World War I:
The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania śląskie) was a series of three military insurrections
(1919-1921) of the Polish people in the Upper Silesia region against the occupying German/Prussian forces in order to liberate the region and join
to Poland, that regained her independence after the World War
I (1914-1918)
Other
Polish uprisings against Nazi Germany
Anti-communists protests:
See also
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